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62. When researchers, clients, and stakeholders work together in the research project, the form of research being conducted is likely to bea. Systemic action researchb. Practitioner action researchc. Participatory action researchd. Stakeholder action research63. Verbal and nonverbal interactions between two or more persons and their interactions around an issue are focused on ina. First person practiceb. Second person practicec. Third person practiced. First and third person integration64. Declaring the focus or intent of a group or an occasion is known asa. Framingb. Advocatingc. Illustratingd. Inquiring65. The degree to which those involved in the action research process are energized to help facilitating lasting social change is known asa. Democratic validityb. Process validityc. Catalytic validityd. Dialogical validity66. When a researcher works with direct observation of a child with autism, asks parents to complete a behavior rating scale, and interviews a teacher about the child, the researcher is usinga. Tripartite methodologyb. Participant-observer methodologyc. Unnecessary means of data collectiond. Triangulation67. There are multiple motives for conducting program evaluation. Of the following, which is the primary reason for conducting program evaluation?a. Managed care has significantly reduced the amount of time clients can be in servicesb. It is ethically responsible for best practice in counselingc. Provides evidence for new or continued funding sourcesd. Counselors are afforded research and publication opportunities68. Which of the following is true?a. Outcome evaluation is concerned with changes that occurred in participantsb. Process evaluation focuses on making value judgments about the totality of the programc. Outcome evaluation is concerned with delivery of the programd. Process evaluation is concerned with changes that occurred in participants69. The starting point for any program evaluation isa. Developing a research instrumentb. Collecting datac. Talking with stakeholders about their perceptionsd. Determining needs based on the mission statement of the program70. Which of the following is true regarding the differences between program evaluation and research?a. The control of research is dispersed among stakeholderb. Program evaluation is more generalizable than researchc. Research is more subjectived. Program evaluation make value judgments about the worth of a program71. Program evaluation models that depend on identified objectives and quantitative data are considereda. Numerical modelsb. Consumer oriented modelsc. Expertise approachesd. Utilitarian models72. When the program evaluation is conducted to determine how well the aims of the program have been achieved, it is known asa. Management-oriented modelb. Objectives -oriented modelc. Contextual-oriented modeld. Consumer-oriented model73. The judicial adversary model and the accreditation model are examples ofa. Management-oriented modelb. Objectives -oriented modelc. Contextual-oriented modeld. Expertise-oriented model74. Scriven’s goal-free model uses checklists and product or program testing to yield reliable data giving weight to all responses to a program and is an example ofa. Management-oriented modelb. Objectives -oriented modelc. Contextual-oriented modeld. Consumer-oriented model75. A program evaluator who determines that the results of the proposed evaluation will most benefit those who participate in the program or who are stakeholders will employ which model of program evaluation?a. Utilitarian modelb. Institutionist/pluralist modelc. Contextual-oriented modeld. Consumer-oriented model76. CACREP utilizes an approach to program evaluation that fits which model most closely?a. Utilitarian modelb. Institutionist/pluralist modelc. Contextual-oriented modeld. Consumer-oriented model77. A form of program evaluation that emphasizes opposing views supporting their position and refuting the opposing position is known asa. Utilitarian modelb. Institutionist/pluralist modelc. Contextual-oriented modeld. Judicial and adversary model78. Ongoing interaction between evaluator and stakeholders is expected in which approach?a. Participant-orientedb. Expertc. Judicial and adversaryd. Accreditation79. Which of the following is true regarding the responsive evaluation model?a. Focus is straightforward and does not alterb. Steps include initial planning and focusing; conducting observations; and organizing and reporting resultsc. It is a rarely used approachd. It gathers a synthesized version of data80. A counselor tracking relapse and return to treatment rates of past inpatient A&D clients may best be served using the following method of collecting evaluation informationa. Groupb. Individualc. Behaviorald. Narrative81. ALL BUT WHICH of the following are true regarding focus groupsa. They are convenientb. They originated in marketing researchc. Focus groups function better when participants know each otherd. Focus groups allow for more comprehensive responses as participants build off of one another’s comments82. Opinion surveys are widely used approaches to data collection that rely heavily ona. The technical elements and adequacy of the instrumentb. The skill of the researcher conducting the surveyc. Availability of focus groupsd. Behavioral indicators83. ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true about key informant interviewsa. They are in depth interviews of people who know what is going on in the communityb. The informant is free to provide candid opinionsc. It is possible that results will be biasedd. They are most helpful when conducting covert research84. All BUT WHICH of the following are true regarding research reportsa) Published reports are occasionally poorly writtenb) The written report is the permanent record of the researchc) Research reports are archival documents for other scientist practitionersd) Research reports are based solely on papers presented at professional conferences85. The authors discuss three types of research reports. Which of the following is not considered a type of research report?a. Journal articlesb. Dissertations/Thesesc. Book chaptersd. Dissertation/Thesis proposals86. An important consideration of the research report title isa. It should reflect the desired outcome of the researchb. It should ensure that the research can be accessed by those interested in the topicc. Titles are not important in the research report writing processd. The APA manual contains no guidelines relative to titling the research report87. All BUT WHICH of the following are true relative to research report abstractsa. It is a brief but thorough summary of the articleb. It is a rarely read element of the research reportc. Individual journal guidelines for abstracts may differ from APA manual guidelinesd. Abstracts never include information that is not included in the research report88. An introduction to a research report should containa. Statement of the problem, overview of relevant research, and research questions/hypothesesb. Statement of the problem, participants, and research designc. Research design, procedures, and instrumentsd. Research design, overview of relevant research, and results89. An overview of relevant research, also known as a literature review, is important becausea. It is an exhaustive and thorough integration of all related researchb. The literature review strengthens the framework the researcher uses to approach the studyc. It addresses relevant empirical and theoretical research on the topic at handd. All of the above are truee. b & c only90. The methods section of a research report containsa. Results of the studyb. Relevant literaturec. Participants, measures, designd. The introduction91. Statistical analyses are included in which section of the research report?a. Introductionb. Methodsc. Resultsd. Discussion92. The section most appropriate for drawing conclusions between the current study and existing research isa. Introductionb. Methodsc. Resultsd. Discussion93. The section often referred to as the “how to” component of the research report isa. Introductionb. Methodsc. Resultsd. Discussion94. The chapter authors give some guidance to research report writers includinga. Practice writing and getting feedbackb. Anticipate rewritingc. Begin to write to overcome writer’s blockd. All of the above95. The bridge in research report writing refers toa. An organized overview of literature that builds an argument for conducting of the studyb. Results of the current studyc. How the writer answers the question “why this, why now?”d. Both a & c96. A common mistake in writing research reports isa. Failing to include the results sectionsb. Failing to follow the publication guidelinesc. Co-authorshipd. Length97. Researchers may be accused of bias in their writing meaninga. They have reviewed only those studies that support the argument they hope to make with their findingsb. The language is gender neutralc. Methodology is incompleted. All of the above98. Critical to research report writing isa. Ensuring the manuscript is 15 pages in lengthb. Reporting of both supportive and contradicting studies in the overview of relevant researchc. Including previous research from all co-authors of the studyd. None of the above99. Researchers are remiss if they do not include __________ in the results section?a. Discussion pointsb. A discussion of statistical versus clinical significancec. Effect sized. Both b & c100.Common problems in discussion sections include ALL BUT WHICH of the following?a. Failure to delineate limitations to the studyb. Going beyond the datac. Weak abstractd. Failure to discuss implications and recommendations101.Blind review simply means that the reviewers are unaware of who authored the manuscript.TrueFalse102.Typical manuscript initial review time for journal consideration is 18 months.TrueFalse103.Reporting effect size is optional and not advisable for most empirical manuscripts.TrueFalse
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