Statistical Reasoning Worksheet

Provide a response to the following prompts.1. Explain and provide an example for each of the following types of variables:a. Nominal:b. Ordinal:c. Interval:d. Ratio scale:e. Continuous:f. Discrete:g. Quantitative:2. The following are the speeds of 40 cars clocked by radar on a particular road in a 35 miles-per-hour zone on an afternoon:30, 36, 42, 36, 30, 52, 36, 34, 36, 33, 30, 32, 35, 32, 37, 34, 36, 31, 35, 2024, 46, 23, 31, 32, 45, 34, 37, 28, 40, 34, 38, 40, 52, 31, 33, 15, 27, 36, 40Create a frequency table and a histogram. Then, describe the general shape of the distribution.3. Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007) asked a group of 84 adolescents about their involvement in traditional and electronic bullying. The researchers defined electronic bullying as “…a means of bullying in which peers use electronics {such as text messages, emails, and defaming Web sites} to taunt, threaten, harass, and/or intimidate a peer” (p. 565). The table below is a frequency table showing the adolescents’ reported incidence of being victims or perpetrators or traditional and electronic bullying.a. Using the table below as an example, explain the idea of a frequency table to a person who has never taken a course in statistics.b. Explain the general meaning of the pattern of results.Incidence of Traditional and   Electronic Bullying and Victimization (N   = 84)Forms of bullying N %Electronic victims 41 48.8Text-message victim 27 32.1Internet victim (websites, chatrooms) 13 15.5Camera-phone victim 8 9.5Traditional victims 60 71.4Physical victim 38 45.2Teasing victim 50 59.5Rumors victim 32 38.6Exclusion victim 30 50Electronic bullies 18 21.4Text-message bully 18 21.4Internet bully 11 13.1Traditional bullies 54 64.3Physical bully 29 34.5Teasing bully 38 45.2Rumor bully 22 26.2Exclusion bully 35 41.74. Describe whether each of the following data words best describes descriptive statistics or inferential statistics. Explain your reasoning.Describe:Infer:Summarize:5. Regarding gun ownership in the United States, data from Gallup polls over a 40-year period show how gun ownership in the United States has changed. The results are described below, with the percentage of Americans who own guns given in each of the 5 decades.Year %1972 431982 421992 482002 402012 43Are the percentages      reported above an example of descriptive statistics or inferential      statistics? Why?Based on the table, how      would you describe the changes in gun ownership in the United States over      the 40 years shown?6. Refer to the Simpson-Southward et al. (2016) article from this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Was this an example of inferential statistics and research or descriptive statistics and research? Justify your response.7. Explain and provide an example for each of the following shapes of frequency distributions.Symmetrical:Skew:

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